翘曲

Warping happens when the corners or edges of a print lift off the build plate during printing. It’s caused by uneven cooling creating internal stresses in the material.

Common Causes

1. Bed temperature too low — Insufficient adhesion
2. No enclosure — Ambient temperature changes cause uneven cooling
3. First layer too fast — Poor initial adhesion
4. Bed not level — Uneven first layer squish
5. No adhesion aid — Smooth surfaces may need glue or tape

Recommended Fixes

1. Increase bed temperature by 5-10°C
2. Add brim (5-10mm) for more bed contact area
3. Slow down first layer speed (15-25mm/s)
4. Use enclosure for ABS/ASA/Nylon
5. Apply glue stick or hairspray to bed surface
6. Ensure proper bed leveling / Z-offset
7. Reduce part cooling fan for first 3-5 layers