First Layer Issues

First layer issues manifest as uneven extrusion, poor adhesion, or inconsistent line width on the initial layer. A good first layer is critical — it serves as the foundation for the entire print.

Common Causes

1. Incorrect Z-offset — The nozzle is too far from or too close to the bed
2. Unleveled bed — An uneven surface causes inconsistent first layer height
3. First layer speed too fast — High speed reduces adhesion time on the build surface
4. Bed temperature too low — Insufficient heat prevents proper adhesion to the bed
5. Dirty build surface — Oils, dust, or residue prevent filament from sticking
6. First layer flow rate — Insufficient material on the first layer causes gaps

Recommended Fixes

1. Re-calibrate Z-offset using a paper test or live-adjust during first layer
2. Level the bed using a mesh leveling probe or manual leveling procedure
3. Reduce first layer speed to 15-25 mm/s for better adhesion
4. Increase first layer flow rate to 105-110% for better squish
5. Clean the bed with isopropyl alcohol (90%+) before each print
6. Set first layer height to 0.2-0.3mm regardless of other layer heights
7. Use appropriate bed temperature for your filament material